War and its biggest casualty Essay Example for Free

War and its greatest loss Essay Irene Zabytzko’s â€Å"Home Soil† is an excruciating token of how we regularly submit the error of comparing energy with going into war, oblivious and frequently unaware of the enthusiastic and mental injury that war makes on the individuals who battle in it as well as on the families, companions, sweethearts, and even associates abandoned. Undoubtedly, there is an inclination for individuals, particularly people with significant influence, to quantify the impacts and the effects of war dependent on the quantity of urban areas caught and the quantity of ammo spent. It dismisses the very human side of wars, the appendages and bodies thronw about because of projectile impacts, the fear that warriors feel as they feel their own demise hinting them, and the enduring that whole families and networks need to suffer with the departure of a friend or family member. On the off chance that anything, war instructs us to separate ourselves from mankind. As American soldiers’ war encounters in Vietnam appears, it draws out the most noticeably awful parts of individuals as opposed to embellishment them into the best people they could have been. It shows people and whole nations to appreciate rage and nightmarish scenes, as body pack upon body sack of dead troopers get back and the quantity of widows and vagrants heap up. It encourages childishness as the individuals who lost their friends and family sympathize with just their torment and misfortune and renders them numb to the agony and misfortune that those on the enemy’s side should simultaneously be feeling. While the pictures of war appeared by the media will in general show the gallantry and the fearlessness of fighters, individuals must be sufficiently basic to see past the triviality of the pictures appeared and investigate rather those that have been removed in light of the fact that they were viewed as unfit for review. As whole urban communities and societies are decimated by bombs and projectiles, the topic of where the individuals of these urban areas have gone to and their condition should bump us from the lack of concern with which we watch tanks, bombs, and warriors ruin structures and framework as well as the deepest desires of the individuals who lived and consumed these spaces. To be sure, it is with the desensitizing of our capacity to emphatize with the way of life of others and different human advancements not the same as our own that is war’s most prominent setback. It is this loss of blame, of feeling a misguided feeling of triumph as plentiful valleys are transformed into darkened graveyards, that we misfortune our humankind. As the two camps of the warring powers grapple with the rising number of â€Å"collateral damage,† it is the loss of honest lives that frequent most; it is in this way to be expected for a large number of the individuals who battled in these wars to return home and experience the ill effects of mental issue from the injury of seeing terrible and cruel activities or now and again submitting these themselves. Zabytzko’s story in this way turns out to be progressively powerful as an ever increasing number of contentions emerge from the quest for American and other created nations’ vital interests in monetary turn of events and the way that a great deal have been battled and are kept on being battled after Vietnam. In case the individuals overlook that war leaves scars on the person as well as on our aggregate recollections. Regardless of when or how it is battled, war will consistently guarantee lives and that its greatest loss will consistently be in all honesty our aggregate soul.

Answering 6 questions based on the book All the Shah's Men Essay

Addressing 6 inquiries dependent on the book All the Shah's Men - Essay Example Mohammed, the prophet of Islam lectured his thoughts on one and only God, the god-like. Ali Khomeini, an Iranian political pioneer, had massive effect on religion and Islamic Republic of Iran. He acted the job of a connection among governmental issues and religion in Iran. Hussein Khomeini, grandson of the author of Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, assumed a nonpartisan job among religion and governmental issues in Iran. Strict idea and patriotism can be viewed as the regular factor which ties these people together. The lessons of Zoroaster guided Iran to strict resilience and combination. In any case, the lessons of Mohammed in the long run guided Iran to activist patriotism. The impact of Ali Khomeini demanded the legislature to adhere on to the principles set by the strict pioneers in Iran. The strict and political belief system set forth by Hussein Khomeini was against the activist patriotism of the strict pioneers and it upheld the feeling of nationhood amon g Iranians. Stephen Kinzer calls attention to that: â€Å"Before incredible forces take sweeping choices that can reshape the world, their pioneers ordinarily consider the exercises of history.† (Kinzer xii) the extraordinary forces have the obligation to take legitimate choices on universal issues. However, the general impact of religion, particularly Islam demands Iran to be an Islamic Republic. 2. Stephen Kinzer calls attention to that the job of the Britain in Iran is that of pioneer misuse. They were not for nationalization of oil resources constrained by the British organizations. Kinzer brings up that: â€Å"The riches that spilled out of underneath Iran’s soil assumed a definitive job in looking after Britain† (Kinzer 2) the riches plundered from the oil exchange helped the British government to syndication in oil exchange yet the abuse severely influenced the individuals of Iran. The misuse by Britain made Iran

A college education is worth the time and money Essay

An advanced degree merits the time and cash - Essay Example Today’s work environment condition is a profoundly testing one and that requires a tremendous capability in explicit modern fields; businesses are hoping to enroll exceptionally qualified representatives with the applicable abilities and information, and this must be obtained through advanced degree. Through advanced degree, one can improve their own and relational information through collaboration with individuals from enhanced societies. Socialization is a major part of human collaborations, and this aptitude is profoundly best in class in people who have been blessed to experience school training. Having the option to make individual and expert systems is the advantage of school training that outcomes from expanded human contact (McGuire). Aside from that, school instruction empowers one to accomplish distinction and self-realization; it is exceptionally satisfying for one to have school training, particularly in changing mentalities towards instruction in the cutting edge world. Ownership of school instruction embodies development and illumination instead of absence of it, which shows lack of education and backwardness. At last, school training is simply the way to profession advancement, socialization and self-realization. Accordingly, given that advanced degree is significant in today’s world, it is consistent with state that it merits constantly and cash. McGuire, Jeff. â€Å"Importance of College Education: Why it is imperative to go to college†. Collegereview.com. (n.d). Web. 22nd Feb 2013.

Get to Know That You Will Need to Write a Lot of Articles When You Are Trying to Master the Art of Writing Persuasive Short Essay Samples

Get to Know That You Will Need to Write a Lot of Articles When You Are Trying to Master the Art of Writing Persuasive Short Essay SamplesIf you want to get started writing persuasive short essay samples, then you need to be sure that you have learned what writing about certain topics should look like. There are many different fields in which people write and they all have different ways of writing. You need to be sure that you know what it looks like for you to get the highest scores in all of the tests that you have to go through. One of the ways that you can do this is to ensure that you have mastered the art of writing persuasive short essay samples.You can also get to know that you will need to write about the subjects that you are most familiar with when you are writing persuasive short essay samples. You have to remember that as you go through school you will learn a lot about certain subjects, and once you are done with college you will need to be able to become well versed wi th the subjects that you studied in college. There are just so many things that you have to know when you go to college.If you want to master the art of writing persuasively, then you need to make sure that you have a solid knowledge of the subjects that you study in school. You need to become very well versed with them and this is where you need to take your writing to the next level. There are many ways that you can get to know that you will need to master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples.One of the ways that you can master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples is to make sure that you make a list of all of the subjects that you will need to know. You need to make sure that you have a good idea of how to learn how to master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples. You need to make sure that you make this list all the time, because this will help you become better at writing persuasive short essay samples every day. This is also a way that you can learn how to make use of your article writing skills. You need to make sure that you know how to get good at writing persuasive short essay samples every day.One of the ways that you can learn how to write persuasive short essay samples is to make sure that you take your writing to the next level. If you want to learn how to master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples, then you need to write a lot of articles. You need to make sure that you know how to use this writing to learn how to master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples. Writing a lot of articles will give you the chance to be able to practice your writing skills and this will help you master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples. You need to be able to do this all the time and this is why writing a lot of articles is a great way to learn how to write persuasive short essay samples.When you learn how to write persuasive short essay samples, you need to make sure that you know what t o write about. If you want to learn how to master the art of writing persuasive short essay samples, then you need to know what is going to get your article to be read by people.You need to know what people are going to be reading and what they are going to be looking for. You need to know what are the things that are going to be a good starting point. You need to know that it is important to get your article to be read by people because then you can increase your chances of being able to get your article read by people.

Assignment 1 Fundamentals of Effective Communication in...

Assignment 1: Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the workplace BUS 100 05/10/2014 Professor: The ability to communicate is one of the key factors to have a successful business. You could offer an excellent product or service, but if you’re unable to promote your services and communicate effectively with clients and co-workers the potential for growth is limited. The principle areas of communication are: Purpose, Style and listening. The Purpose: Today’s society focuses on customers’ satisfaction, most business ask the consumer to take surveys to learn more about their experience. It is highly important to make sure our customers leave happy and satisfied with our service, and if they feel any different we need to get†¦show more content†¦Once the client would sit on my chair I would start my client consultation, this process is highly important to make sure we are on the same page as the customer. Listening: During a client consultation I made sure to listen to my client’s needs and use active listening to give the client a sense of confidence and assure them that they would be taken care of, I also made sure to clarify any doubts with the client. For example, when the client would ask to have a haircut or trimming of only one inch, I would always ask them to describe what one inch meant to them. My clientele was constant. My customers kept returning back to me and bringing in new customers with them, one of the best complements I got was â€Å"You never leave my hair too short you always cut it exactly how I want it† and many others. My communication skills were not always good. At first, I made many mistakes. I can still remember how I would always start without asking questions when I started doing hair at beauty school. If the client would ask for a haircut, I would just start cutting the hair or if the ask for highlights I would just start bleaching, because of my lack of communication skills, the end result was never what the client wanted. This caused those clients to be unsatisfied and unhappy with the services I provided for them. That is, when oneShow MoreRelatedValue of Diversity Paper1213 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity Paper Cultural Diversity SOC/315 Value of Diversity in the Workplace In companies or corporations the global landscape now reflects diversity in the employees found in the workplace. Employees come from different backgrounds, geographic or global areas, ethnic and cultural origins, and have unique skills and talents. Individuals must work together and merge skills and manage diversity effectively in the workplace. Our thoughts, actions, and very beliefs are shaped by our culture. TheseRead MoreEssay Geico Case Study1498 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Geico Assignment 1: Case Study GEICO HRM 533 Linda Matthews April 28, 2013 Dr. Jean Gordon Case Study : Geico 1 1. Determine which facets of the Geico total rewards program align with the five (5) top advantages of a total rewards program outlined in Chapter 2 of the textbook and discuss your reasoning. Geico offers a variety of benefits programs just to name a few would be: medical, dental and vision coverage. ThisRead MoreEffective Non Verbal Communication At The Workplace1469 Words   |  6 Pages EFFECTIVE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE WORKPLACE ASSIGNMENT BY: MUHAMMAD ATIF STUDENT ID: 140326 â€Å"Communication is the all of the procedures by which one mind can affect another† It can be characterized as the key that joins different variables of an association. It decides the achievement or disappointment of an association. 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Gandhi s Plan Of Civil Disobedience Essay - 1860 Words

Throughout history, many conflicts have happened, some with resolution, and other without. We often tend to think of solving conflicts with war, since most of our history classes are based around World War I, World War II, and so forth, but many conflicts were fought, and successfully won using nonviolent resistance. Many people would use Gandhi as a well known example. Gandhi’s plan of civil disobedience revolved around this big idea called â€Å"satyagraha,† which he explains as, â€Å"a satyagrahi should always possess civility and humility, qualities that indicated self-control and an humble approach to truth† (Gandhi 50). He later explains that satyagraha is â€Å"truth-force† and that truth is soul and spirit, or â€Å"spirit-force.† â€Å"It excludes the use of violence because man is not capable of knowing the absolute truth and, therefore, not competent to punish† (51). He used this strategy to fight for indian independence. Many oth er incidents in the world have been fought using civil disobedience, including Women’s Suffrage. â€Å"Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote† (19th Amendment). Women fought for decades trying to gain their equal right to vote, and it was a long and difficult path. The tactics that were used by women of the National Woman s Party (NWP) were creative and multifaceted. The leaders drew inspiration from many different sources such as: the early Women’s Rights Campaigns inShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi And Civil Disobedience1015 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi and Civil Disobedience Mahatma Gandhi once said, â€Å"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony† (Mahatma Quotes). Happiness to Gandhi was standing up for what he and others believed in. Gandhi’s personal life caused him to choose to participate in civil disobedience to protest Salt Acts law by the British, and he did achieve success eventually by using this controversial method of standing up for what he strongly believed to be right. Civil disobedienceRead MoreGandhi s Influence On Indian Politics937 Words   |  4 Pages29).Gandhi believed non-violence was an act of â€Å"pure love† in the face of hate and his legacy vividly survives through the cultures he inspired. In this essay, I will assess the ways his non-violent teachings influenced other political struggles along with the advantages and disadvantages as a result. After gaining freedom from Great Britain, the people of India finally possessed the proper â€Å"knowledge, the resources, and the social institutions† (Koshal 312), to develop and progress. 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Despite their educational problems they were well off and owned several houses in Porbandar, and in nearby villages. BecauseRead MoreGandhi : Man Of Power853 Words   |  4 Pages Gandhi: Man of Power When we think of leaders, we all have certain characteristics that come to mind. We consider those who are leaders, to be a person who had done something special in their time. That something may have changed something in their local community, or it may have changed the world (Lal, 2015). World history has known many examples of leaders that made a big change in the world. In the United States, there is little doubt that Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King are examples ofRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreQuetext. About Faq Contact. Early Days Mahatma Gandhi Was1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdays Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Gandhi, was born to Putlibai on October 2nd, 1869 in Porabandar,India. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi served as the Diwan chief minister of Porbandar state. The Indian classics, especially the stories of and king Harishchandra, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhoodRead MoreWho Is The Leader Of The Indian National Congress?1507 Words   |  7 Pages At first glance, these two historical figures could not seem more distant. Mohandas Gandhi campaigned a universal and tolerant version of religion and upheld these beliefs through his political movement. In contrast, Osama bin Laden has been credited for creating an antagonistic and combative interpretation of traditional Islam that led to some of the most gruesome acts of terror observed in the twenty first century. Although both of their ideals stand on opposite ends of the spectrum, theyRead MoreGandhi s Early Self Identification1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdays Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Gandhi, was born to Putlibai on October 2nd, 1869 in Porabandar,India. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi served as the Diwan chief minister of Porbandar state. The Indian classics, especially the stories of and king Harishchandra, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhoodRead MorePolitical Events Before Pakistan Making From 1942-19471014 Words   |  5 Pageswere Congress and Muslim league both reject this proposal. Thus, the plan was failed. 8 August Quit India Movement: On 8 August, 1942 the Quit India movement (â€Å"Bharat Chhodho Andolan†) was a civil disobedience movement started by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. It was a movement declared by All India congress committee, during the Second World War wanted to end the British Rule in India after the Failing of Cripps of mission. Gandhi make a call â€Å"Do or Die† in his speech delivered in Mumbai at Gowalia

Research Proposal on Strengthening Program

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal on Strengthening Program. Answer: Introduction: A recent survey by the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia revealed that almost 100,000 people are living with cancer (Lerman et al., 2012). Longer existence and increasing population contribute to an increase rate of cancer, where almost 10% occurs in children, 35% in women and 50% in men (Farooqui et al., 2012). Effectiveness of the cancer treatments depend upon the intensity of the damage caused to the patients health, gender, age and other associated factors (Rufa'i et al., 2016). So, treatment for one individual might not be effective for another with same type of condition. This further indicates a need to tailor disease-specific and patient-specific needs to optimize outcomes, adherence and behavioral changes among cancer patients and survivors. Application of behavioral change theories is especially useful in understanding physical activities in different cancer survivor groups. However, Siegel et al., (2012) stated that exercise after or during cancer treatment developed ri sk factors related to cancer diagnosis. In spite of the known advantages of the physical activities, exercise rate may drastically decrease during the treatment and may remain low after completion of the treatment, which leads to inactive lifestyle. Alternatively, Blaney et al., (2013) demonstrated that majority of the cancer survivors are motivated with exercise advice and show more interest in taking part in various exercise programs. Rajotte et al., (2012) in this regard have mentioned that cancer survivors feel confused to initiate a training program without structured intervention. Rufa'i et al. (2016) demonstrated that taking part in physical programs has positive effect on overall quality of life and health, while, physical inactivity is related with poor prognosis among the cancer survivors. Despite health-enhancing advantages of physical activities, the Malaysian cancer survivors are physically inactive. This indicates that intervention, which is tailored towards current ph ysical activities, is more extensively accepted. Majorly, breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer colorectal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer are prevalent within the population. It is emerging as a major cause of death because of avoidable life-style risk factors, for instance: exposure to smoke, alcohol, poor diet, overweight and inadequate exercise (Brown et al., 2012). This has attracted focus of the health care authorities worldwide for the development in early finding and treatment, which would result in better survival rate for the cancer affected individuals. Therefore, initiatives like strengthening program and physical wellbeing intervention for cancer survivors are highly significant. Statement of Problem Physical activities provide various health related benefits to the cancer survivors during and after treatment, irrespective of the gender. Persistent fatigue, cognitive impairment and physical de-conditioning are reported by the cancer survivors. Lee et al., (2013) demonstrated incidences of elevated body fat, hyperlipidemia, reduced functioning of musculoskeletal system, emotional distress and poor aerobic performance among the survivors. There are literature that explored the significance of light physical activities for the cancer survivors, however, major gap exists that fails to establish a strong connection between psychological and physical benefits of exercise programs among the cancer survivors (Loh Musa, 2015; Selamat et al., 2014). This indicates a need to focus on strengthening programs that would improve aerobic performance, functioning of musculoskeletal system, eliminate emotional stress and improve cognition within this community. Nevertheless, evidence showed that strengthening program includes yoga practices, sequential postures, breathing exercise and meditations that promote patients overall wellness by applying mind and body association and reduce stress (Player et al., 2014). Some study showed efficacies of light exercise among cancer survivors but in elderly individuals and not in young population (Rajotte et al. 2012). Research Objective To investigate the effect of pilate exercise on cognition And physical functioning of the female cancer survivors To carry out a systematic review to understand the best non pharmacological intervention for cancer patients To understand rate of adherence to physical strengthening programs Research Methodology 25 cancer survivors and 5students, who are fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria of the present research, would be recruited based on their doctors advice. Inclusion criteria would be female patients falling under the age group between 18-60years. Pregnant females, individual with functional immobility and dementia would be excluded from the present research. Informed consent would be obtained from the participants, which ensures that the research will be carried out under strict ethical consideration. The participants would be exposed to 3times weekly exercise for six months and provided with log books to monitor at home. Individual session duration will be for 30minutes. The practice would involve pilate exercise, relaxation and breathing. The participants will be provided with a set of questions on lifestyle history, cancer diagnosis history, related medical issues, treatment and personal background prior beginning the study. Cognition and physical functioning measures w ould be assessed thrice throughout the course: at the initial phase, after 3 and 6months. The tests would include primary measures: SUPPHand secondary measures: CBI B, physical- body composition (muscle vs. fat), endurance/stamina, better function like improved functioning better, improvement in sleep monitoring by sleep diary and diet improvement in terms of better nutrition monitoring by food diary. The measures would be analyzed using ANOVA. The calculation would consider 95% confidence level with 5% margin of error. The pilate practice would be correlated with the betterment of overall participants health. Health improvement in turn would make the patients feel motivated and reduce stress level. Significance of the Research As a prospective research, it looks at the consequences like effectiveness of the pilate exercise in improving the psychological and physical areas. Provides recommendation to the cancer survivors within the community and acts as a supportive document that pilate exercise, as a strengthening program would improve overall health of the cancer survivors. Teaches the community about physical core strengthening and endurance by providing lifestyle education for instance better nutrition, better sleep. Provides scope to carry out further research on non-pharmacological interventions to improve the wellbeing of cancer survivors, by focusing on specific types of cancer. References Blaney, J. M., Lowe?Strong, A., Rankin?Watt, J., Campbell, A., Gracey, J. H. (2013). Cancer survivors' exercise barriers, facilitators and preferences in the context of fatigue, quality of life and physical activity participation: a questionnairesurvey.Psycho?Oncology,22(1), 186-194. Brown, J. C., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Pescatello, L. S., Ryan, S. M., Pescatello, S. M., Moker, E., Johnson, B. T. (2012). The efficacy of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms among cancer survivors: a meta-analysis.PLoS One,7(1), e30955. Farooqui, M., Hassali, M. A., Knight, A., Shafie, A. A., Farooqui, M. A., Saleem, F., Aljadhey, H. (2012). Cross Sectional Assessment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients with cancer in Malaysia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP,14(5), 3017-3021. Lee, D. H., Kim, J. Y., Lee, M. K., Lee, C., Min, J. H., Jeong, D. H., Jones, L. W. (2013). Effects of a 12-week home-based exercise program on the level of physical activity, insulin, and cytokines in colorectal cancer survivors: a pilot study.Supportive Care in Cancer,21(9), 2537-2545. Lerman, R., Jarski, R., Rea, H., Gellish, R., Vicini, F. (2012). Improving symptoms and quality of life of female cancer survivors: a randomized controlled study.Annals of surgical oncology,19(2), 373-378. Loh, S. Y., Musa, A. N. (2015). Methods to improve rehabilitation of patients following breast cancer surgery: a review of systematic reviews.Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy,7, 81. Player, L., Mackenzie, L., Willis, K., Loh, S. Y. (2014). Women's experiences of cognitive changes or chemobrainfollowing treatment for breast cancer: A role for occupational therapy?.Australian occupational therapy journal,61(4), 230-240. Rajotte, E. J., Jean, C. Y., Baker, K. S., Gregerson, L., Leiserowitz, A., Syrjala, K. L. (2012). Community-based exercise program effectiveness and safety for cancer survivors.Journal of Cancer Survivorship,6(2), 219-228. Rufa'i, A. A., Muda, W. A. M. W., Yen, S. H., Shatar, A. K. A., Murali, B. V. K., Tan, S. W. (2016). Design of a randomised intervention study: the effect of dumbbell exercise therapy on physical activity and quality of life among breast cancer survivors in Malaysia.BMJ Global Health,1(1), e000015. Siegel, R., DeSantis, C., Virgo, K., Stein, K., Mariotto, A., Smith, T., Lin, C. (2012). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,62(4), 220-241.

Thomas Alva Edison Is Considered One Of The Greatest Inventors In Hist

Thomas Alva Edison is considered one of the greatest inventors in history. He was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847 and died in 1931. During his life he patented 1,093 inventions. Many of these inventions are in use today and changed the world forever. Some of his inventions include telegraphy, phonography, electric lighting and photography. His most famous inventions were the phonograph and the incandescent light bulb. Edison did some of his greatest work at Menlo Park. While experimenting on an underwater cable for the automatic telegraph, he found that the electrical resistance and conductivity of carbon varied accordingly to the pressure it was under. This was a major theoretical discovery, which enabled Edison to invent a pressure relay using carbon rather than magnets, which was the usual way to vary and balance electrical currents. In February of 1877 Edison began experiments designed to produce a pressure relay that would amplify and improve the audibility of the telephone, a device that Edison and others had studied but which Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent, in 1876. By the end of 1877 Edison had developed the carbon-button transmitter that is still used today in telephone speakers and microphones. Many of Thomas Edisons inventions including the carbon transmitter were in response to demands for new products and improvements. In 1877, he achieved his most unique discovery, the phonograph. During the summer of 1877 Edison was attempting to devise for the automatic telegraph a machine that would transcribe a signals as they were received into a form of the human voice so that they could then be delivered as telegraph messages. Some researchers had theorized that each sound, if it could be graphically recorded, would produce a distinct shape resembling short hand, or phonography, as it was known then. Edison hoped to make this concept real by employing a stylus-tipped carbon transmitter to make impressions on a strip of paraffined paper. To his amazement, the barley visible indentations generated a vague sound when the paper was pulled back beneath the stylus. In December 1877 Edison unveiled the tinfoil phonograph, which replaced the strip of paper wrapped in tinfoil. Many people would not believe what they were hearing including a leading French scientist who declared it to be a trick device of a ventriloquist. The publics amazement was quickly followed by universal approval. Edison became famous all around the world and was dubbed the Wizard of Menlo Park, although ten years passed before the phonograph was transformed form a laboratory curiosity into a commercial product. His most famous and most commonly used invention is the incandescent light bulb. American scientists including Samuel Langley needed a highly sensitive instrument that could be used to measure minute temperature changes in heat emitted from the Suns corona during a solar eclipse along the rocky mountains on July 29,1878. To please those needs Edison invented a microtasimeter employing a carbon button. This was a time when great advances were being made in arc lights so that electricity could be used for lighting in the same fashion as with small, individual gas burners. The basic problem seemed to be to keep the burner, or the bulb, from being consumed by preventing it from overheating. Edison thought he would be able to solve this by coming up with a microtasimeter-like device to control the current. He proclaimed that he would invent a safe, mild, and inexpensive electric light that would replace the gaslight. Inventors had been attempting to devise the incandescent light bulb for fifty years, but Edisons reputation and past achievements commanded respect for his bold prediction. As a result, a group of leading financiers, including J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts, established the Edison Electric Light Company, and advanced him $30,000 for his research and development. Edisons idea was to connect his lights in a parallel circuit by subdividing the current so that the failure of one light bulb would not cause the whole circuit to fail. Some well-known scientists predicted that such a circuit could never be possible, but their findings were based on systems of lamps with low resistance (the only successful type of electrical light at the time). Edison, however, determined that a bulb with high resistance would

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish Hark, the Herald Angels Sing is one of the hundreds of hymns written by Englishman Charles Wesley  in the 19th century. This song has been modified over the many years since; here are Spanish lyrics for two of the verses: Escuchad el son triunfal Escuchad el son triunfal de la hueste celestial:Paz y buena voluntad; salvacià ³n Dios os dar.Cante hoy toda nacià ³n la angelical cancià ³n;estas nuevas todos den: Nacià ³ Cristo en Belà ©n.  ¡Salve, Prà ­ncipe de Paz! Redencià ³n traà ­do has,luz y vida con virtud, en tus alas la salud.De tu trono has bajado y la muerte conquistadopara dar al ser mortal nacimiento celestial. English Translation of the Spanish Lyrics Listen to the triumphal sound of the celestial host:Peace and good will; God will give us salvation.Each nation, sing today the angelical song;Give this good news: Christ was born in Bethlehem. Hail, Prince of Peace! Redemption you have broughtLight and life with virtue, health in your wings.You have come down from your throne and conquered deathit order to give celestial birth to the mortal being. Translation Notes escuchad: If youve studied only Latin American Spanish, you may not know this verb form well. Its the second-person plural familiar imperative (command) form of escuchar, the form that goes with vosotros. This word, then, means you (plural) listen or simply listen. el son: This isnt related to son the verb, but is a word meaning sound. In everyday speech, youre far more likely to heard the word sonido. de: De is one of the most common of Spanish prepositions. It is almost always translated as of or from; either translation would work here. la hueste: This uncommon word has the same meaning as the English cognate host in the context of this song. In current usage, las huestes is a bit more common as a way of saying the army forces. buena voluntad: Goodwill. os dar: Os is an object pronoun meaning you (plural) that youll hear mostly in Spain, very little in Latin America, although it is still commonly used in Latin America for liturgical use. So salvacià ³n Dios os dar means God will give you salvation. cante: Cante here is a subjunctive form of cantar, to sing. Cante hoy cada nacià ³n could be translated as may each nation sing. toda: Toda is the feminine singular form of todo. In singular form, todo typically is the equivalent of each; as plural, it usually means all.: estas nuevas: Nuevas is one way of saying news, so estas nuevas would be this news. The word is plural even though it translates as singular in Spanish. den: This is a plural command or plural present subjunctive form of dar, to give. estas nuevas todos den: This sentence uses an inverted word order, which is fairly common in song lyrics and poetry. This sentence could be translated as may all give the good news. Belà ©n: The Spanish name for Bethlehem. It is not uncommon for cities, especially those known centuries ago, to have different names in different languages. salve: In this song, salve is an interjection of greeting, meaning something like Hail! in English. Redencià ³n traà ­do has: Another case of inverted word order. The typical structure would be Has traà ­do redencià ³n, you have brought redemption. Note that this verse is sung to the savior rather than about the savior as in the English version of the hymn. ala: An ala is a wing, as of a bird. This is a metaphorical usage here; en tus alas la salud could very loosely be translated as with healing on your wings. trono: Throne. has bajado: You have come down. Bajado here is an example of a past participle. la muerte conquistado: Another inverted word order. In normal speech, has conquistado la muerte would be more common for you have conquered death. Conquistado here is also a past participle. para: Para is a common preposition that is sometimes used to indicate the purpose or utility of a thing or action. As such, it sometimes is translated as in order to.   ser: Here, ser is functioning as a noun meaning being rather than a verb meaning to be. In Spanish, most infinitives can function as nouns. nacimiento: Birth. Nacimiento is a noun form of nacer, to be born.

Antony And Cleopatra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antony And Cleopatra - Essay Example However, I take strength to write this letter before my suicide (if you call it so) in order to reveal some of the most fundamental facts in the life of this obedient servant of Antony as well as my master. As you know, I have been highly acclaimed for my judgments about the people and events of our lives, which were normally detached and objective. Therefore, this letter of mine, which is the last one in my life, will also make judgments that are detached and objective and I do not have any tainted intentions or strategies to write this truthful letter. The Roman triumvirate, formed by Octavius Caesar (or Augustus Caesar), Antony, and Lepidus, ruled the Western world and, when Lepidus decided to leave the triumvirate, Caesar and Antony shared the power over the world. I, Domitius Enobarbus, was known as Antony's faithful right-hand man and I have been honest, down-to-earth and full of common sense all through my tenure as a high-ranking soldier in Antony's army. Most often, Antony f ailed to pay attention to my sensible advices which caused several mishaps in his life. To tell about Antony, he lived in Alexandria, Egypt with his mistress Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt, although he was married to Fluvia. Octavius Caesar (and even me for that matter) was disgusted at the lifestyle of Antony in Egypt. After the death of Fluvia of an illness, Antony left for home in Rome, at the request of Caesar who was annoyed by the wars caused by Antony's relatives. As a measure to amend the various types of tensions between the two, Caesar and Antony agreed upon the marriage of the latter to Caesar's sister Octavia. As I was greatly aware of the great obsession of Antony for the love of Cleopatra, I believed that this alliance would only cause disaster to Antony and his relation with Caesar. My thinking was proved right when Antony deserted Octavia rapidly after their marriage and returned to live with Cleopatra. As I understand now, this was the beginning of several tragic eve nts in the life of Antony and people close to him. Following Antony's abandonment of Octavia, Caesar was furious with the behavior of his partner and he decided to attack and regain control of Egypt from Antony and Cleopatra. This was a fatal decision as far as Antony was concerned, because Caesar's army was much more powerful and skillful compared to the army of Antony. I was sure that defeat of Antony was very close to him and I wished if Antony tried to make agreements with Caesar to stop the inevitable war. As I was sure that it was not possible, given the fact that Antony was very much passionate to Cleopatra, I decided to desert Antony, my best friend, and to join Caesar's army. However, I am now overcome with regret and remorse for leaving Antony, and I cannot bear the pain that I suffer now. Now, as I am near Caesar's headquarters, deserting my best friend in his tragic situation, I can do nothing else, but to end this pain. Death is the least penalty that I can make to the great mistake of my life and I should do at least this to make my mind happy.  

Did the new law forwarded by State of Florida violated the Equal Essay

Did the new law forwarded by State of Florida violated the Equal Protection Clause of US Constitution - Essay Example According to the Equal Protection Clause â€Å"no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† In the broadest view, the Equal Protection Clause is part of the United States continuing attempt to determine what its professed commitment to the proposition that "all men are equal" should mean in practice. Mr. Herman Sexist claims that the Florida Law violated the strict scrutiny at test and the Florida Women For special Rights in the response have filed that the staute is valid under the rational basis at test.Strict scrutiny is the highest test or standard of review and is the most difficult for a law to pass.Strict scrutiny is used to consider classifications called suspect.Suspect classifications are race, religion and national origin.If a governmental action uses one of these suspect classifications, the court requires justification that is exceedingly persuasive and demonstrates a compelling state interest.This means there must be a very powerful reason to uphold a law based on one of these classifications. Sex or gender classification has a mixed history with regard to the standard of review used by courts.Courts uses â€Å" rational basis scrutiny† extensively to deal with such types of issues.Rational basis scrutiny is the lowest or the easiest standard for a law to pass.The court uses this test to review laws pertaining to social and economic regulations.

Collaboration Quiz Essay Example for Free

Collaboration Quiz Essay What are the advantages of having diversity in a collaborative learning environment? Having diversity in a collaborative learning environment opens up more possibilities of learning, you will have more ideas and different views on the situation. The advantages on diversity are the different backgrounds of the group members. Because of this they’ll all have a different way of thinking about the subject at hand. With different attitudes, learning styles, and work ethics it really makes a difference in a collaboration learning environment. One of these advantages is they we all have stories of what we know and or been through. So having information on something you have learned on been through in the past is a valuable input. How might factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles affect collaboration? The factors of diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles affect collaboration by setting a different mood of the situation. All of these combusts can either be a good thing or a bad thing. Since we all are very different in every way one person may feel as their answer is right and don’t deserve to be changed. The different work styles also affect collaboration for example some people are faster workers than others and are very impatient while others like to take their time and double check their work for error. But this may also be a good thing; since there are so many inputs onto the situation their way or thinking may change and will come to a conclusion on the best answer. How does personal responsibility influence the work and success of a group? I think personal responsibility has a strong influence on the work and success of a group, because a lot of people have families and jobs to take care of and at the end of the day they are very tired and feel to rest. There are a lot of things that can happen unexpectedly that no one can predict that’ll cost you to take time off from classes. This can affect the success of the group because if you do not post in the chat how will anyone know if you have your work of the assignment that needs to be turn in?

The Atomic Bomb :: essays research papers fc

The Atomic Bomb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On July 16, 1945, the United States of America ushered the world into a new era with the successful detonation of an atomic bomb in New Mexico. That era was the nuclear age. Less than a month later, on August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan; the first use of a nuclear weapon against an enemy nation. Most of us know of these basic events, but many do not know of the complicated decisions and scientific breakthroughs that paved the way towards that fateful day in Hiroshima. Every day we are closer to having nuclear arms fall in the hands of someone who wishes to do harm with those weapons. Many question why we think the U.S. is justified in having our own atomic collection. This is why it is important to understand how the atomic bomb came about and why we decided it was necessary to use it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First reports of the bombs in Japan only reported that a â€Å"new type of bomb† had been used. Most had no concept of what an atom bomb was or why it was so powerful. The story of the atomic bomb opens with a series of new discoveries in physics that began near the turn of the century. The term classical is applied to the physics that scientists developed prior to that time (Cohen, 17). Much of it came from the work of the Father of Physics, the great seventeenth-century English scholar, Sir Isaac Newton. Newton was a scientific genius. Today, however, a competent student with a good high school physics course probably has a more accurate knowledge of the physical universe than Newton had. This is especially true concerning the most basic building blocks of matter, atoms. Newton, as did others before him, developed a theory about the structure of atoms. According to Newton’s theory, atoms were like marbles. They were solid and hard, but unlike marbl es, they could not be further divided. It was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that scientific experiment began to prove otherwise. Thereafter, knowledge of atomic structure moved ahead very quickly (Cohen, 18). By the mid-1930’s, dedicated effort by British and other European scientists had revealed a new world of atomic structure, one filled with incredibly tiny systems of interacting subatomic particles containing electrons, protons, and neutrons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1938, two German physicists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, were experimenting with uranium.

Comparing and Contrasting Economic Ideas Essay

Introduction – As individual leaders in modern economic thinking and attitude, economists Milton Friedman and John Maynard Keynes was hailed and criticized by many different individuals and institutions because of their contribution to global economy attitudes as well as because of the sometimes very radical ways that the two required of economic leaders to resort to so that they can follow the economic model that either Friedman and Keynes designed. Both are right and wrong when it comes to understanding economy and providing a solution which can be used to unlock the mysteries of the changing economic dilemma that the world experiences which requires the input of economists. And during their time, Friedman and Keynes enjoyed the god-like loft from which they stood, one at a time, when the world was bowing to the economic thoughts that they made. Similarities: Friedman and Keynes economic thoughts meet in the middle – While Friedman’s and Keynes’ thoughts and focus on economics have inherent differences, some observers believe that the two economic ideas espoused by Friedman and Keynes also have some similarities. For one, the two economists and their ideas are in agreement when it comes to the stable growth rate of money supply and its role in fluctuation and employment[1]. Also, the two were inherently economist in inclination – they stand on similar grounds even if it means digging and building that ground using different shovels and different strokes. Second, the economic ideas of the two individuals share the similar characterisitcs of being popular and widely used and regarded before the ensuing change in political landscape made the idea of obsolete and useless; for Keynes and his economic idea about the role of the state in economic leadership, the flowering of his idea came after the world, particularly the US, felt the squeeze to the economy after the two world wars and the occurrence of the Great Depression, his idea ultimately subsiding by the time the world came closer and closer to the 80s. For Friedman, his economic idea got its turn after it proved having the solution to the problem the Keynes model cannot answer, and after enjoying his moment in the spotlight for some years, the global crisis that engulfed the world pushed Friedman’s ideas closer and closer to the trash bin. Friedman and Keynes and their ideas share the similar pace when it comes to public acceptance, as well as the same characteristic that their ideas each are pets of US presidents; former US president Richard Nixon was a Keynesian while another former US president, Ronal Reagan implemented a Friedman approach in economics[2]. Another similarity in the economic idea of Friedman and Keynes is that their ideas allowed for the identification of an entity or institution or idea that was the reason for the failure of the economy. Take for example the Great Depression, for those adhering to the Keynesian belief in economics, they are inclined to believe that there is someone or something at fault why such occurrence happened, and that is the idea of free market. Friedman thinking will also lead the individual towards the same belief of having someone or something at fault, and that is the Federal Reserve, so far as Friedman economic thinking is concerned. Another similarity shared by Keynes and Friedman and their attack and pattern in developing economic thought and assuring the audience needed for the establishment of the popularity and acceptance of their particular economic thought is the manner by which their economic thoughts and ideas were built and spread around those who will either criticize or embrace it. Wood (1991) explained, â€Å"The most surprising aspect of Friedman’s achievements is that he has not to a greater extent earned the gratitude of the profession. To a large degree this is due to the sharply critical form in which he has presented his ideas.†[3] In his attacks on the positions of other he has at times tended to depart from the more careful and guarded way in which he typically presents his own results. This has assured him of a wide audience, because it is often easier to attract adherents to a revolution in thinking – even a counter-revolution – than to a less dramatic evolution of a hypothesis. This is a characteristic which Friedman shares with Keynes and explains why both have been at the same time highly controversial and highly successful in the development of economic thought. Economists in a head-on collision – Despite the similarities found in Friedman and Keynes and their thoughts and the pacing and social acceptance lifespan of their ideas, Friedman and Keynes and their ideas in economies are more accepted, criticized and reviewed because of how the two ideas find contrasting points against the other. They and their ideas have significant differences that they are described sometimes as the great polarizers of the economy and the economic belief and attitude. For Friedman, Keynes was incorrect about the idea of the state and its active role in dictating the economy. For Friedman, the more suitable solution is for the state to know that its role in the economy is focused on ensuring the growth of money supply. Friedman stressed the importance of monetary policy versus the idea of Keynes and the role of state spending. Friedman also challenged the manner by which Keynes explained the behavior of the consumer especially during the cases of inflation and the ensuing unemployment[4]. The Keynes-Friedman Showdown – While it is understandable how there will be purely separate groups that support the thoughts of Keynes and the economic thinking of Friedman, there are instances that the two modern day economic thinkers figure in colossal showdowns (which is not of their doing, of course, but the doing of other people and institutions particularly award giving bodies that set out to identify who is the best between the two). An example of these instances is the during the time globally popular and highly respected weekly glossy magazine TIME undertook the task of naming the recipient of the Economist of the Century honor to wrap up the end of the twentieth century[5]. Skousen (2001) wrote about how the members of the selecting group were torn between Friedman and Keynes, and how Friedman ultimately bested Keynes despite the fact that some TIME magazine staff, including editor in chief Norman Pearlstine, believed that the award should go to Keynes. Pearlstine believed that the manner by which Keynes articulated the importance of free markets as well as the significance of the undue government intervention that will resort to the creation of danger in the economic landscape[6] is an important modern day economic idea that will benefit not just one country but the world, especially now that the world is experiencing global trade and economics. Cambridge University in 1970, during the time Friedman faced a highly partisan, pro Keynes crowd who rooted for their favorite Nicholas Kaldor which Friedman soundly defeated during the debate[7]. Some would say that the surprising Friedman win in that particular debate (which silenced the murmuring crowd of infidels) was due largely because of the absence of Keynes himself, but it may also point to the fact that Friedman and his economic ideals holds true in some aspects. Conclusion – Many scholars, critics, new economists, political analysts and historians until now continually debate about the similarities and differences of Keynes and Friedman and their economic ideas. More importantly, they debated about how each economist and each idea they gave to the world helped in shaping world economy as it is today. Some say that Milton was unlike Friedman, while some think they are the same. Some believe that Friedman was better than Keynes, while others feel otherwise. Others go to the extreme, considering that the two lived in an interconnected life, that one completes the other, as DeLong believes that Friedman was not a competitor to Keynes, but more of the man that completed Keynes[8]. The issues and points arising in the debate focused on the person and their ideas bring about immense complexity that the end is always hard to see, predict and achieve. But for the differences of Friedman and Keynes, it is no doubt that both economist contributed immensely in the field of economics, and because of that, they were showered not just with official honors but with very flattering commentaries by critics and observers. Mark Blaug was quoted by Skousen in his book as attributing to Friedman and his great ability for debating and fighting for his position in economic ideologies[9] that resulted to his earning the respect of even his most critical and previously unimpressed adversaries. Skousen (2001) believes that Friedman is the most famous economist alive, but he was quick to counter his proposition by reminding the readers that Friedman was not a giant at first in the circle of economic thinkers, owing largely to the fact that Friedman and his economic ideas (i.e. his monetarism beliefs) were heavily criticized early in his career as an economic thinker. [10]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Truly, both Keynes and Friedman created such economic ideals that went to the extent that it became antagonistic with each other. But professionals knew that underneath it all, the more important thing to consider is the fact that the differences and similarities found in Keynes’ and Friedman’s works gave the world what it can used to manage changing economic difficulties. Works Cited: DeLong, J Bradford. â€Å"Friedman Completed Keynes.† Project Syndicate. 2006. 23 May 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . Macesich, George. â€Å"World Economy at the Crossroads.† Greenwood Publishing Group,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporated, November 1997. Skousen, Mark. â€Å"The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinkers.† Sharpe, Me., Inc., March 2001. Wood, John Cunningham. â€Å"Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments† Vol. 14. Taylor &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis, Inc., August 1990. [1] Macesich, George. â€Å"World Economy at the Crossroads.† Greenwood Publishing Group,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporated, November 1997. p. 12. [2] Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . [3] Wood, John Cunningham. â€Å"Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments† Vol. 14. Taylor &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis, Inc., August 1990. p. 465. [4] Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . [5] Skousen, Mark. â€Å"The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinkers.† Sharpe, Me., Inc., March 2001. pg 379. [6] Ibid. [7] Skousen. pg 380. [8] DeLong, J Bradford. â€Å"Friedman Completed Keynes.† Project Syndicate. 2006. 23 May 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . [9] Skousen, p. 380 [10] Ibid.

Arguments for Prayer in Public Schools

Iridium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Jerusalem The City Of Peace - 1376 Words

Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world. Located in between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea, It is the main destination for those tourists that have a desire of getting a grasp of the Western East Countries, and for many, a unique religious experience. However, Jerusalem: also called the Holy Land has by its name a very controversial meaning: The City of Peace. Once ago in this place, according to the Hebrew Bible (The Tanakh), the Temple of Solomon was built. According to the Muslim Bible (The Quran), also the location of the Dome of the Rock. From the Christian point of view and The Bible, It was once the place where the trial, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus took place. This series of religious events have brought up along with it a conflict in between Middle Eastern Countries for more than 50 years long with one main question on the plate: Who fairly and ethically deserves to live in the Holy Land? This conflict is among Jews and Arabs. Palestine for the Ar abs is a land whose Oil has been cultivated by them for generations. Israel, as later called by the Jews, is a land of inspiration that is destined for them, since many Jews had been living in Israel and emigrating previously (Fraser,1). This shows the Socio-Political and religious roots of the conflict. The Arabic population is currently located in Jerusalem, but the Jewish Population in Israel has a strong desire of relocating to Jerusalem someday, and have been fighting for this to happenShow MoreRelated Happy Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesHistory Jerusalem The conflict in Jerusalem is rooted in religious, political, and historical aspects. As a center for the worlds three major religions, with a history of political divisions and borders, as well as historical claims to the territory, it calls for a peaceful coexistence and sensitive diplomacy which will enable an accepted agreement. Jerusalem is a prize which, for thousands of years, has been fought over. 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IT Management Issues for World Economic Forum -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIT Management Issues for World Economic Forum. Answer: Introduction ICT can be defined as the major components as well as infrastructure, which helps to enable modern computing. It is accepted in any type of devices, systems, applications and networking elements, which combines to allow all kinds of organizations and people for interacting with the digital world (Salnikova, 2013). It is utilized for all organizations for making the business processes easier. This report provides a brief description on the effect on ICT in all courier companies. The value and usage of ICT in the courier companies are also given here. Discussion Value of ICT in Courier Companies Courier companies are responsible for delivering packages or letters from one part for the world to another part. These courier companies help its customers to make the process of delivering anything to its clients absolutely easier in a cost effective way. They can work in every sector and do not remain in a restricted place (Rice Leonardi, 2014). Moreover, these courier companies work with excess speed and with less consumption of time. The most popular examples of courier companies in Australia are DHL Express, Star Track, Australia Post and Fastway Couriers. The easy retrieval, storage and manipulation of data are possible with the help of ICT. It solely facilitates the information management in any interconnecting businesses or in any other sector that are involved in the processes of service production (Bilbao-Osorio, Dutta Lanvin, 2013). The value of ICT in any particular courier company is extremely high as they deal with the bulk quantity of data and the operation of data becomes easier with ICT. The core thing, which a courier company does, is simply linking of the computer networks and their respective databases. Usage of ICT in Courier Companies ICT has several usages in courier companies. There are various significant advantages of this ICT in a specific courier company. These benefits or usages are as follows: i) Cost Effectiveness: This is the most vital benefit of ICT (Rice Leonardi, 2014). The entire process is extremely inexpensive and each and every courier company could be affording them. ii) Privacy: The second advantage of this technology in a courier company includes the technology is much secured and the privacy is quite high in terms of other technologies. Better Communications: The customers could easily communicate with the courier companies and there is no time constraint (Salanova, Llorens Cifre, 2013). Service Availability: The service of the courier companies is more available to the customers due to its technology. Conclusion Therefore, it is concluded from the above report that ICT is the application of information technology, which could be utilized for the successful execution of business processes in any particular organization. Moreover, the representation of more comprehensive list of components that are solely related to the digital technologies and computer systems. Courier companies help to deliver any type of packages or letters to any part of the world and thus ICT is the best answer for reducing the complexity of their processes. This report has clearly depicted the various values and usages of ICT in any particular courier company. References Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Rice, R. E., Leonardi, P. M. (2014). Information and communication technologies in organizations.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods, 425-448. Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Cifre, E. (2013). The dark side of technologies: Technostress among users of information and communication technologies.International journal of psychology,48(3), 422-436. Salnikova, O. V. (2013). Small business development based on the information and communication technologies.American Journal of Economics and Control Systems Management,1(11), 10.

Critical Evaluation Positive and Negative Impacts of Playing Video Ga

Question: Discuss about theCritical Evaluationfor Positive and Negative Impacts of Playing Video Games. Answer: Introduction For the last few decades, the video game playing became the part of the children life. Greitemeyer and Osswald (2009) mentioned that Atari first introduced with the gaming console. The game included the simple game of the tennis. In present days, the children are comfortable in playing the video games and they enjoy the games much. The growing market of video game is the proof of popularity in children. Playing the video games has various effects on the children that are positive and negative effects. These effects can be beneficial for the children as well as harmful. The assignment focuses on the positive and negative impact of video games on the children. In the last section of the assignment, the experience of using turnitin is described, which is a reflective part. Positive Effect of Video Games Playing Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014) opined that the most strong effect of playing video game increases the agility of the child and helps to improve the hand and eye coordination. On the other hand, Unsworth et al. (2015) stated the new video games are very complex and the playing style of those games is complex as well. These games need use of different types of buttons and sticks on the controller. Therefore, these games are beneficial for the children as it helps the children to learn about the connection in between mind, eyes and hands. In such context, Adachi and Willoughby (2011) mentioned that the video games help to develop the cognitive power and reflection system of the children quickly. The children need to play the new video games very consciously. They have to control the characters of video games very consciously. Therefore, it helps to improve the concentration power of the children (Boyle et al. 2016). Moreover, the video game controller helps the children learn about han dling the real life objects and machineries. In view of Ferguson et al. (2014), many of the video games are funny and entertaining that provides amusement to the children. This helps to improve the creative power of the children. On the other hand, Grizzard et al. (2014) argued that not only the children but also the adults get amusement from the video games. The video games help to reduce the stress in the adults. The video games help to increase the confidence level in the children. This can improve the mathematical power of the children. As mentioned by Rosen et al. (2014), some of the video games have several levels. When the children win the first level and move on to the next level, they earn points. This helps to improve the mathematical skills of the children. Therefore, the video games influence the children to think critically and develop their critical thinking power. However, there is various knowledge gaining video games, which motivates the children to improve their knowledge about the computers. This factors func tions very positively among the children. In spite of entertainment and learning values, the video games have various negative effects that are associated with the playing video games. The negative impacts of the video game playing are discussed in the next section. Negative Effect of Video Games Playing The video games may have negative impact on the children. They may achieve the negative and aggressive thoughts that are reflected in the behavior of the children. This signs and symptoms of the children show the negative effects of the video game playing. Greitemeyer and Osswald (2009) mentioned that the signs of vulnerability and aggressiveness can influence the children about the malpractice. Adachi and Willoughby (2011) opined that the children may not concentrate on their studies and therefore their scores of examinations can hamper. Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014) showed in a research that children, who crazy about the video game are playing, have lack of concentration in their studies. As opined by Unsworth et al. (2015), the violent video games make the children violent and vulnerable. The video games make the children lazy and lead them to live a sedentary lifestyle. The children watch the violence in the media; video games take the effect of violence in the next level. Boyl e et al. (2016) mentioned that many of the video games provide opportunities to the children to participate in the violence of the video games. There are various games, which provide the chance to the children to play the arm bearing characters. These characters kill anyone, whom they want. They can commit various kinds of crime. These kinds of games have negative impact on the children. Ferguson et al. (2014) agreed that such type video games influence the children to commit offences. The video games make the children lazy therefore, the children avoid their daily activities and addicted to the video games. Grizzard et al. (2014) mentioned that it is the duty of elder to encourage the children so that they can participate in the outdoor games rather than just spending time in playing the video games. Rosen et al. (2014) added that most of the time the children skip their meals due to the addiction of the video games. Therefore, the children suffer from the childhood obesity. Moreover, back pain, headache, carpel tunnel syndrome and eyestrain may occur in the children. on the other hand, Adachi and Willoughby (2011) suggested that the parents need to monitor the children so that they cannot play violent video games and not became addicted to the video game playing. They need to give proper time to their children so that they do not feel alone and addicted to the vide o games. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be said that video game playing has various effects on the children. The children can improve their knowledge as well as can improve the reflexes and dexterity. They soul dot be addicted to the video games that as negative impact on them. Te need to participate in the outdoor games and physical activities. These practices can improve the performance of the children and improve the concentration power. The parents needs to take the matter seriously and try to improve the lifestyle of the children so that they can lead a moderate lifestyle. References Adachi, P.J. and Willoughby, T., 2011. The effect of violent video games on aggression: Is it more than just the violence?.Aggression and Violent Behavior,16(1), pp.55-62. Boyle, E.A., Hainey, T., Connolly, T.M., Gray, G., Earp, J., Ott, M., Lim, T., Ninaus, M., Ribeiro, C. and Pereira, J., 2016. An update to the systematic literature review of empirical evidence of the impacts and outcomes of computer games and serious games.Computers Education,94, pp.178-192. Ferguson, C.J., Olson, C.K., Kutner, L.A. and Warner, D.E., 2014. Violent video games, catharsis seeking, bullying, and delinquency: A multivariate analysis of effects.Crime Delinquency,60(5), pp.764-784. Granic, I., Lobel, A. and Engels, R.C., 2014. The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist,69(1), p.66. Greitemeyer, T. and Osswald, S., 2009. Prosocial video games reduce aggressive cognitions.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(4), pp.896-900. Grizzard, M., Tamborini, R., Lewis, R.J., Wang, L. and Prabhu, S., 2014. Being bad in a video game can make us morally sensitive.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,17(8), pp.499-504. Rosen, L.D., Lim, A.F., Felt, J., Carrier, L.M., Cheever, N.A., Lara-Ruiz, J.M., Mendoza, J.S. and Rokkum, J., 2014. Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits.Computers in human behavior,35, pp.364-375. Unsworth, N., Redick, T.S., McMillan, B.D., Hambrick, D.Z., Kane, M.J. and Engle, R.W., 2015. Is playing video games related to cognitive abilities?.Psychological science,26(6), pp.759-774.

The Role of Century Poetry In Resisting Essay Example For Students

The Role of Century Poetry In Resisting Essay On the other hand, the fall of Leonia power and the rise of new nations began a new phase in human history; the post -colonial search for definitions and identities. Neither the World Wars nor the decentralization of nations were singular, one-time events, they kick-started long, difficult chains of socio-political change that were marked by events like Liberation Wars, Civil Wars, Communist Movements and the Cold War. Thus the 20th century witnessed not only independent events, but the beginning itself of a process of redefinition. If the events like the birth of new nations and the World War realigned he map of world politics, then the process they began was one of reconciliation. Over the last 120 years or so, reformers and thinkers have tried to reconcile three basic sets of contradictions or oppositions; that between the East and the West, that between the past and the present, and that between tradition and modernity. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Century Poetry In Resisting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For some, the contradictions overlap, for others they are orthogonal. To many, traditions and the past seem synonymous, while to others, surrounded by traditions, they are very much a part of modernity, of the present. Amidst these oppositions (and moieties, binaries) of many kinds, as in all periods of conflict and searching, we have a rich body of 20th century poetry, representing both the East and the West, the new nations and the old, that try to make sense of changing world around them. In this essay, I shall try and focus on how 20th century poetry confronts and attempts to resist, or at the least critique, one of the most problematic and powerful concepts of this new, changing world; Nationalism. A good place to begin this discussion would be the works of Arbitrating Étagà ¨re (1861-1941), not as a poet, but as perhaps the sot influential socio-political theorist of Indians as we understand it. Étagà ¨re was writing extensively on Nationalism, in both his fiction and non-fiction, at a time when the idea of Nationalism was still a vague one at best to the leaders of the Indian freedom movement. Étagà ¨re recognized the need for a national ideology of India as a means of cultural survival and, at the same time, recognized that for the same reason, India would either have to make a break with the post-medieval Western concept of Nationalism or give the concept a new content. For Étagà ¨re, Nationalism itself became gradually illegitimate. As Ashes Andy observes, Over time, he observes in his works, the Indian freedom movement ceased to be an expression of only nationalist consolidation; it came to acquire a new stature as a symbol of the universal struggle for political Justice and cultural dignity. Étagà ¨re probably realized that an unseen-critical Indian Nationalism was gradually coming into being, primarily as a response to Western Imperialism, and, like all such responses, shaped by what it sought to respond to. Such a version of Nationalism could not but be limited by its time and origin. Etageres fear of nationalism, then, ere out of his experience of the record of anti-imperialism in India, and he attempted to link his concept of Indians with his understanding of the multi- cultural Indian civilization rather than a clinically defined Indian nation. As Andy puts it, did not want his society to be caught in a situation where the idea of the Indian nation would supersede that of the Indict civilization and lifestyle, where the actual lives of Indians would be assessed solely in terms of the needs of an imaginary nation-state called India. What was Etageres starting point in this matter of Nationalism against civilization? Does this relate only to colonial India, or will the analysis hold true even for an independent society ruled by its own nation-state, either created by the fall of colonial control or simply realigned by the impact of the World War? A post-World War I Germany, for instance, was in need of redefinition and reconciliation of immensely problematic soc io-political binaries as much as a post- liberation East Pakistan, as marked by the rise and success of Doll Hitler in Germany, and on the Abash Andiron and subsequent Liberation War of Bangladesh, 1971. Étagà ¨re addresses these issues of change and reconciliation of the society estranged from civilization by ideas of Nationalism in his brief essay Nationalism (1917), where he does not focus on India alone, but comments on the general nature of the nation-state itself. Étagà ¨re distinguishes between governments by kings and human races (his term for civilizations) and governments by nations (his term for nation-states). He explicitly generalizes his critique of Nationalism by saying that government by the Nation is neither British nor anything else; it is an applied science. It is universal, impersonal, and for that reason completely effective. In his defense of the traditional civilization against modern nationalism, Étagà ¨re says, l am quite sure in those days (pre-colonial era) we had things that were extremely distasteful to us. But we know that when we walk barefooted upon ground strewn with gravel, our feet come gradually to adjust themselves to the caprices o f the inhospitable earth; while if the tiniest particle of gravel finds its lodgment inside our shoes, we can never forget and forgive its intrusion. These shoes are the Nation; they are tight, they regulate our steps with a closed-up system, within which our feet have only the slightest liberty to make their win adjustments. Therefore, when you produce statistics to compare the number of gravels which our feet had to encounter in the former days with the paucity of the present regime, you hardly touch the real point The Nation forges its iron chains of organization which are the most relentless and unbreakable that have ever been manufactured in the whole history of man. Étagà ¨re reminds his non-landing audience too, that the dangers of Nationalism are as potent in the European nations as in the colonized Afro-Asian countries. He comments, Not merely the subject races, but you ho live under the delusion that you are free, are every day sacrificing your freedom and humanity to this fetish of Nationalism It is no consolation to us to know that this weakening of humanity is not limited to the subject races, and that its ravage s are more radical because it hypnotizes people into believing that they are free. Early 20th century poetry, specifically those written during the World Wars, demonstrate the acute awareness of this delusion that are free in European and American poets. War Poetry provides a unique and powerful space for poetic creation; the tattletale. Both literally and figuratively, the battlefield acts as the perfect otherworld a margin without any conception of what it is to demarcate, what it is to separate from what other, because the war itself is an act of defining the lines; geopolitical and socio-cultural. Consequently, the field of war makes it possible for poetry to create a new communicative index for ideas of Nationalism that both drive and are defined by the act of war. It often becomes essential for the war poet to critique the partisan nature of Nationalism, because the sense of disillusionment is more potent n someone who has actually served in the war, and it becomes difficult for ideological Nationalism to control their expression of doubts, in this case in the form of poetry. We find a clear articulation of this skepticism in the poetry of Philip Edward Thomas (1878-1917), one of the major Anglo-Welsh war poets during the World War I In his poem This Is No Case Of Petty Right Or Wrong, he writes, This is no case of petty right or wrong/That politicians or philosophers/ Can Judge. I hate not Germans, nor grow hot/ With love of Englishmen, to please newspapers/ Beside my hate for on at patriot,] My hatred of the Kaiser is love true-I A kind of god he is, banging a gong. But I have not to choose between the two/ Or between Justice and injustice. Thomas wrote this poetry after a famous public argument with his own father, a conventional patriot who demonic the Germans. His main problem with the strand of Nationalism his father represents is its tendency to reduce any international rivalry to a binary to black-and-white, the tendency of martial British Nationalism during the World War to define itself almost exclusively based on the tethering of the rival. Tho mas was a British soldier himself, and died in service during the Battle of Arras, France, 1917. So when he uses poetry as a communicative medium for his understanding of martial, patriotic identity, it is understandably based on personal experience of the soldiers life. What Thomas is articulating here is that the soldiers loyalty is neither unconditional nor a fragmentary concept, it is based on an objective understanding of ones own position visa a visa that of an enemy solider; the loyalty of the other to his own cause must be considered equivalent to the loyalty of the self. Nationalism banks in on the alienation of this self from the other, and nowhere doe this indoctrination become more visible than in martial training. Ashes Andy, in Illegitimacy of Nationalism: Étagà ¨re and the Politics of Self (1993), explains this attempt to understand the other with reference to the character of Knishes in Etageres Share Bare. Andy says, Knishes believes that God is manifest in ones own country and must be worshipped by the same logic, God must be manifest in other countries too, and there is no scope for hatred of them Such a obligation requires, Étagà ¨re implies, symbols embedded in an exclusivity cultural-religious idiom His form of populism combines mob politics with realities. The patriotic Nationalism that Thomas is finds so acutely disturbing is nothing more than this same populism, this inflammation of a multi-cultural society, utilizing certain common ideas of hatred and xenophobia for an external enemy, to unite them in a shallow, brittle conception of a Nation to be proud of. One might remember, in this context, a much later poem by the Bengali poet Shasta Psychotherapy (1933-1995) ca lled Dud Sunny. .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .postImageUrl , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:hover , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:visited , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:active { border:0!important; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:active , .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c9dc0da356e42ce5fbec7eb8f898ffd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American poem EssayAddressing the idea of the binary, albeit from a more domestic, personal perspective, Shasta writes, They go two ways, they go two ways/ Nobody goes Just one way/ They want to keep two lives apart/ Not lose a single one/ Its hard to find someone/ Fettered in from four sides/ By walls, running away/ From whatever is not/ All day, all night, I sit watching this game/ My heart is split into two, and they remain/ In two separate voids. (The actual word is sunny which denotes zero, nothing and Void in Bengali, adding to the richness of the concept explored here. Why this perception of the binary through shift to the personal is important (as in Sheaths poem) will become clearer later as we progress. To return to World War poetry, however, this sentiment of confronting the binary and engaging with the other, echoing a moment of revelation when the soldier looks through the thin shroud of Nationalism and sees in the other a variety of similarities (or at least, possibilities of engagement), is articulated by Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) in his famous poem Strange Meeting. In his poem, two rival soldiers meet after their deaths on the same battlefield. Their martial, Nationalistic otherness has en wiped out by the greater, more complete tethering of death, and they confront each other and understand, for the first time, that they have not been so different after all. The same machinery, the same deception had blinded them into believing what the Nation required them to believe, and it took their deaths to make them realize that. Here is no cause to mourn Save the undone years/ The hopelessness. In a powerful moment of revelation comes the final stanza, the potent, almost bitter understatement, l am the enemy you killed, my friend/ I knew you in this dark; For so you frowned/ Yesterday through me as you Jabbed and killed. I parried, but my hands were loath and cold/ Let us sleep now. There is a sense of reclaiming the personal from the institutional in both the poems we looked at, in Thomas poem through the recognition of the fathers blind faith in a s ystem that had no guiding principle but hatred and denomination, in Owens poem through death. Owen returns to this cynicism towards the ideas of glory and martial pride that help militant Nationalism define itself in a later, much darker poem, Dulcet Et Decorum Est, with the bitter rebuke, My friend, you would not tell with such high zest/ To children ardent for some desperate glory,] The old lie. Looking at Nationalism as the old lie is perhaps more potent in the case of war poetry because soldiers are the ultimate constructs of this partisan, martial patriotism, and their perspective of what a war really signifies reduces these binaries to their bare minimum. It is sweet and right to die for your country is one of such old lies that the soldiers training makes him internalize; his preference to the country over his life signifies the triumph of Nationalism, the defeat of the personal by the socio-political, by the National. The oppression of the basic, evolutionary human tendency towards self-preservation by an ideology of Nationalism could not have failed to disturb a sen sitive poet like Owen. Perhaps the most openly cynical and bitter articulation of this resentful break from the idea of oppressive Nationalism appears in the poem Here Dead We Lie by Alfred E. Houseman (1859-1936). In this two stanza poem, Houseman communicates the classic idea of martial sacrifice in the first stanza, then completely undercuts it in the second; Here dead we lie/ Because we did not choose/ To live and shame the land/ From which we sprung. Life, to be sure,] Is nothing much to lose/ But young men think it is/ And we were young. The logical question that should arise at this point is; if Nationalism is to be critiqued, its problematic notions of m and denomination to be met with cynicism, what then should the focus How can the soldier (or the common civilian, for that matter), disillusion created binaries of Nationalism, redefine his or her own understands systems that are intricately connected to ideas of freedom, bravery a answer, once again, is pointed out by Étagà ¨re; the personal self, not the nation, should be the touchstone for social identity. Towards the end mind Étagà ¨re trying to analyze the rise of fascism and the World War II, steadily more cynical about social constructs that try to categorize an compartmentalize individual identity. If in Nationalism (1917) he value civilization above political nationalism as a basis of social unity, in the essay Crisis In Civilization (1940) we find him rejecting civilization itself much more basic identity of the human self; Once I was lost in the c the world of Civilization. At that time, I could never have remotely imam great ideals of humanity would end in such ruthless travesty As I lo witness the crumbling ruins of Civilization herself. And yet I shall not grievous sin of losing faith in Man. I would rather look forward to the new chapter in history. As we move further towards the end of the 2 pass into the 21st, we find a shift that takes us further away from the Nationalism as we found in World War poetry; we find additional Tate ones poetic self in the times of war and conflict based on a predominant understanding of the nation, rather than any ideology of Nationalism. S echoed very closely in John Millions idea that every man b church, as opposed to putting ones faith in the dictates of the Church institution. This Nation as Institution versus Nation as Personal Perch has become a crucial debate in current critiques of Nationalism. I SSH discuss some contemporary poetry to demonstrate this shift of focus. Example of this shifting focus to the individual rather than the nation American poet Yah Allahabads What Is To Give Light (201 1), written the ear ly phases of the Arab Spring. Allahabad tries to find a poetic ex a single fruit-sellers suicide by self-immolation in Tunisia sparked off become a remarkable youth movement across several Middle-Easter decades of pent-up anger, resentment and impatience finally spilling he autocratic regimes in nation after nation. Yet Allahabad in his poet at different nations coming together in a chain of events, he focuses singular, inherent human spirit of freedom as it moves through the s nations boundaries; When words lose their meaning/ And an entire voice/ So they can neither laugh nor scream/ Death and life begin to t From Tunis to Egypt, from Lebanon to Yemen/ The light from a burning catching/ And those with nothing to lose or offer, but bodies/ Fanned their single hope into a blazing dream. This shift of focus to the peers of Nation is articulated more clearly in G. Arab Sanders Arabic pop Nothingness (2003), written as a response to the atrocities and war car US invasion of Iraq. The poem itself does not have much new to say, r ideas of unity, fight against racism and mutual compassion. However, 01 lit) interesting is the poetic voice of Sandra in this poem, especially the perception compared to his earlier poetry. Some of these earlier work themes are poetic recreations of verses from the Quern, appealing to Islamic spiritual identity to locate ones inner courage in confronting e instance, in I Live In The Seventh Hell (2001), he adapts some of the pr room the Quern into poetry; l am a warrior/ In a leap of fire, I break you by one/ Far from anger, disarmed by strength/ I patiently wait for Tim Allah free the soul/ I live in the seventh hell/ I burn in the seventh hell seventh hell/ Allah free the soul. Breaking with this Islamic voice, in h Sandra shifts his expression to a more individual, non-institutional c violence itself; Do you know the moments? Let is when humans kill EAI name of God/ Against the very spirit of each religion/ Based on skin co beliefs/ It is when masses are hoodwinked/ By the machinery of their asters/ Its when your beloved ones set off/ In an endless voyage and destination/ And you, my brother, cannot help them. As Sanders ATT Evil as defined by a particular religion to evil as his individual human perceives it, so does his conception of what his socio-political and Poe signifies. Keeping with Etageres 1940 essay, we find the human percept valued in poetic assessment of the Nationalism, valued far above tithe the politically defined nation-state. This would be a good time to point the poets we have discussed are consciously attacking Nationalism the works. These poets have in mind other immediate notions they are war violence, war crimes, racism, sexism, xenophobia, communality, pope their poetry is actually resisting the all-pervasive institution of Nation remains beneath the surface of their immediate poetic consciousness opinion, makes the evaluation of their poetry as critiques of Nationalist legitimate. Nationalism, like most socio-political institutions, manifests other, more visible instruments of oppression. To take a stance against through poetry therefore requires an understanding, at once, of both these visible instruments and of the underlying institution that holds Nationalism as an institution makes itself invisible, because like any o of power and control, it needs to remain outside the sphere of daily e efficiently exert control on its subjects. George Orwell (1903-1950) poi subtle, manipulative nature of Nationalism, inseparable from ideas of dynamics, in Notes On Nationalism; By nationalism I mean first of all assuming that human beings can be classified like insects and that w millions or tens of millions of people can be confidently labeled good secondly -? and this is much more important -? I mean the habit of id oneself with a single nation or other unit, placing it beyond good and recognizing no other duty than that of advancing its interests .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .postImageUrl , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:hover , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:visited , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:active { border:0!important; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:active , .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225 .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub3b871a4f00677c79a3891b8f80e1225:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Epic of Gilgamesh: The friendship between the king Gilgamesh and the man of the steppe, Enkidu EssayNation inseparable from the desire for power. The abiding purpose of every secure more power and more prestige, not for himself but for the anti in which he has chosen to sink his own individuality. Thus, we can SE shift to looking at the Nation as a personal perception, as we have disc becomes necessary in resisting an institution that seeks to sink [the s individuality. What then, should follow a poets shift to personal perception in his or her resistance of Nationalism? A creation of an alternate space, an alternate communicative index, becomes necessary, because the poe ts prerogative is not to counter an institution with another, but to exploit the gaps in the institution itself, creating a voice that, above everything else, resists. Resistance itself becomes an important tool in asserting the individual identity against the restraints of an institution; Just as an institution is in the constant process of imposing and restraining, the act of successful resistance itself too should remain constantly dynamic and prevent becoming a stagnant counter-institution itself. We have looked at poetry in the times of war and conflict so far, but to understand this resistance more clearly, poetry written in times of apparent peace should be investigated. In times of war, the institution of Nationalism becomes more visible, and war poetry has the advantage of addressing it more directly than most other genres of writing. However, in times of normalcy, the institution is as subtle as it can be, and poetry of resistance needs to be the most penetrative, the most acutely sensitive, to address and critique this system. One such practitioner of the poetry of resistance we will urn to here is Unbar Apothecary (1948-2014), the Bengali writer who remained, for the greater part of his life, committed to revolutionary and radical aesthetics. In resisting the machinery of the nation-state, Unbars literature remains one of the touchstones, both in its radical, often subversive content and its unorthodox style, among practitioners of Bengali literature. In his most famous poem Ii Impurity Pothook Mar Des Ana, he articulates his idea of the nation as personal perception, This valley of death is not my nation/ This hangmans arena is not my action/ This expansive cemetery is not my nation/ This bloodstained butchers yard is not my nation/ I will take back my nation again Will not make peace with the alcohol poured over the back whipped bloody in the torture chamber/ I will not make peace with the electric shocks to the nude body, the ugly sexual torture/ I will not make peace with being lynched to death, the gun firing into the skull at point blank range/ Poetry overcomes all/ Poetry is armed, poetry is free, poetry is fearless/ Look at us, Immunoassay, Hickman, Neared, Argon, Near/ We have not let your poetry go to waste/ Rather, the whole Nation is now trying to form itself into an Epic/ Where all the rhymes will be composed in the rhythm of the guerilla warriors. Such is the personal imagination of the Nation for a poet who, when asked about his most prominent ideological belief, said, l am no longer anthropocentric in my belief system. It is Unbars break from thinking of the self as a structural and functional unit of an anthropocentric system that allows him the space to look at personal perception as unrestrained, uncorroborated and truly individual. It is not Just violence Unbar is critiquing in this poem, but the very act of defining the Nation (and consequently, Nationalism) on instruments and events tainted by this violence. Poetry, here, defines the self for Unbar. He looks at himself, above everything else, as a practitioner of poetry; This is the correct time for poetry/ Pamphlets, graffiti, stencils/ I could use my blood, my bones, my tears to create a collage/ Of poetry right now/ At the shattered face of the sharpest pain/ In the face of terrorism, looking calmly into the headlights of the Van/ I could throw poetry into their faces right now/ Whatever the murderer possesses, the memories of 38 or anything else/ I could deny and write poetry right now. If his self, whose blood, bones and tears are inseparable from the act of writing poetry in his imagination, has to create a personal perception of the Nation for himself, that perception will invariably be characterized by poetry too. In other words, Unbars poetry is not attempting to reclaim the Nation as such, but is trying to bring his personal perception of the Nation into the same sphere as his perception of himself; both as poetry. While his blood, bones ND tears form a collage of poetry, the Nation too, is trying to form itself into an Epic; a union of the Nation and the self through the common identification of both as poetry, within the poets imagination, is achieved. This is not inconsistent with his radical and revolutionary ideas, because we find elsewhere in his poetry an expression of the poetic self becoming the revolutionary self, once again, through the potentially destructive power of creative imagination; When the wind is drunk with the smell of blood/ Let poetry go up in flames like gunpowder Let the burning arches of poetry/ Let the Molotov cocktails of poetry/ Let the toluene flames of poetry/ Crash into the desire of this fire! The idea of the Nation-within-the-Self appears again in the poetry of the Bangladesh poet Shamans Raman (1929-2006), especially in the well-known Buck Tara Bangladesh Horrid. Much more direct in his idea of Nation as individual perception, he maps his nation, Bangladesh, within the body of a young boy; the ultimate effect is not one of personification of the Nation, but a reduction of the Nation to something that lies within, and not outside, individual understanding; And he walks out naked into the highway, on his bare torso/ The sun scribbles unique slogans/ He walks at the head of the rally like a hero, and suddenly/ The hundreds of guns that patrol the streets of the city/ Pepper with bullets not Nor Husseins breast, but the breast of Bangladesh herself/ Bangladesh cries out like a deer trapped in a burning forest/ And the blood keeps pouring out, out of her body. The poetry of Normalized Gun (1945- ) follows quite similar themes, placing the identity of the Nation within individual consciousness. To be more pacific, in Swap, Nab-Bouzouki Sheikh, the dream of the Nation is placed within a personal dream, an individual aspiration; When I grow old, at every dawn/ Like the petals of a sunflower, one at a time/ Shall blossom with the color of the sea /That is trapped inside the heart of my poetry/ And the grapes that I plant beneath this soil today/ Will become wine and intoxicate the Bangle of tomorrow/ How old shall I be then? (To digress momentarily, Guns use of the word Bangle to signify the Bengali nation is a clever, subtle pun, as Bangle also signifies a local Bengali liquor, here suspiciously echoing the Wine that intoxicates. These clever puns are quite common in Guns poetry, and often provide much needed humorous breaks. ) To conclude this section, I shall mention Buddha Bass (1915-2006), and more specifically his poem, Misjudged Kibitz. The question of individual perception here develops into one of active, constructive engagement between different people in understanding what Nationalism signifies to each other, not as an institutional belief, but as a personal perception, And I know we want freedom, and that our story is what chains us/ Oh, how else could we be free together, tell me/ Than by an effortless union? / Union of the human with the human, union of the human with the world/ And you are the proof of that union, you are the symbol. We have mapped how the critique of Nationalism through poetry has shifted over the expanse of the 20th century and beyond, not Just chronologically but perhaps also depending on the specific socio-cultural contexts. Resistance itself becomes an important feature of this system of critique; from the resistance of Nationalism as a partisan system that remotes what Jacques Lagan would call the overriding attitude of unmediated opposition, to the resistance of Nationalism as an institution itself in favor of personal perception, to the resistance of any kind of institution whatsoever in favor of locating the Nation within the poetic self. Of course, this is not a singular chain of events, nor does the process take place in a linear, consistent manner. But having looked at the different pieces of poetry chosen for this discussion, it would seem that the critique and resistance of Nationalism are inseparable from each other; a eroticism of the institution of Nationalism would invariably present itself as a process of resistance, because the very machinery of Nationalism dehumidifies and compartmentalizes, going against the basic nature of individual spirit, that tends to locate itself in the physical world. Poetry, always one of the most powerful instruments communicating the spirit of the personal, confronts this restraining nature of Nationalism and critiques it through a chain of resistance, ultimately culminating in the personal itself; to understand Nationalism is to resist Nationalism, s the only way possible for the concept of Nation to be compatible to the liberated human spirit is for the Nation to be located within the self.